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ONTOLOGICAL NAKEDNESS

by Marcus Steinweg

Friedrich Nietzsche’s definition of the human subject opens the subject up to a logos, which does not simply confront non-meaning as its opposite. Nietzsche says: The subject has the logos as the essentially undefined, his capacity for language and meaning is the opening-up to non-meaning and the margins of language, to the dimension of an unchained, out-of-kilter logos no longer assured in any principle, a crazy or errant cogito; to its truth as substantial desert and as a desert of the substantial, and of substance itself. The substance, the essence, the meaning and the nature of the subject is found by Nietzsche in its lack of substance and essence, in non-meaning and in its ontological artificiality. Instead of according with a divine plan and a substantial order, the subject marks the non-existence of such a plan and such an order: the ontological nakedness of human subjectivity. Twentieth-century thought made the exploration of this nakedness, of this desert-situation of the subject, its task. Martin Heidegger opens up human existence to its historicity and to the world as a universe “present for a purpose” (“zuhanden”), in which it sojourns and by which it orients itself practically at first, rather than reflexively or theoretically. Jean-Paul Sartre urges the subject to assert its ontological nakedness as a desert of freedom for self-determination. In contemporary thought, Giorgio Agamben insists on the contentlessness of the subject as l’uomo senza contenuto. What is true of the artist is what is true of the human being, insofar as the subject is an autopoietic subject, the subject of self-invention and autoerectio in the desert of its non-substantiality and ontological indefiniteness: “He finds himself in the paradoxical situation of having to find his essence precisely in the non-essential, his content in mere form.” That is the ontological situation of the subject today, and always was: having to give oneself a form and a purpose (one’s subjectivity), because it is a subject without subjectivity, the subject of freedom: purposeless, faceless, identityless, nameless, contentless, naked.

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