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UNCRITICAL CRITICALITY 2

by Marcus Steinweg

Ludwig Wittgenstein speaks of the embeddedness of the subject in a language game, meaning that the affirmation of a frame of reference or system precedes even the utmost skepticism, critique, and doubt: “All testing, all confirmation and disconfirmation of a hypothesis takes place already within a system. And this system is not a more or less arbitrary and doubtful point of departure for all our arguments: no, it belongs to the essence of what we call an argument. The system is not so much the point of departure, as the element in which arguments have their life.” The system as an element or stream of life is the name for the milieu of consistency where the human subject moves. It is the element to which we commit with a certain lack of inquiry, before we start to examine its consistency and reliability. “Only in the current,” writes Martin Seel, “can one swim against it.” Before I can act critically in relation to a situation or condition or system, I have to commit to it. I have to presuppose some sort of minimal consistency, a minimum of invariance and tenacity of my situation, which makes it possible for me to question its actual invariance and tenacity. Critical inquiry does not happen from an absolute standpoint, which allows for an overview of a situation, by which the subject remains entirely unaffected. This is the phantasm of integrity, not the one of critique or the critical attitude, which believes itself to be unaffected by the critiqued—that is, to be intact. This is its lack of critique applied to itself. We could also speak of a pseudo critical narcissism, which serves the orchestration of its own “critical” integrity, instead of serving a contest with a situation to which the subject of critique necessarily belongs up to a certain degree. Critique deserving this name implies a certain keeping of distance of the critical complacency, by examining its own preconditions, knowing that “whenever we test anything, we are already presupposing something that is not tested” (L. Wittgenstein). There are limits to what can be examined and critiqued. Because they exist, we can examine and critique.

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